Fatemeh Razi'ee
Volume 6, Issue 21 , May 1997, , Pages 4-7
Abstract
Soil and erosion information are among the most valuable data for environmentalists and supporters of development of agricultural activities. However, there are still no standards regarding data collection. Currently, a project is being conducted that is aimed at gaining data related to the world’s ...
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Soil and erosion information are among the most valuable data for environmentalists and supporters of development of agricultural activities. However, there are still no standards regarding data collection. Currently, a project is being conducted that is aimed at gaining data related to the world’s status. The Europe Hun Soter is also being under preparation and implementation.
Various efforts have been made over a period of one hundred fifty years to record soil data in Hungary. The Kreybig Project (1932-51) is one of the most prominent of such attempts. This project, which in practical terms is similar to other methods and especially to GIS, paved the way for launching the Soter in 1986. This international project, which has been conducted for presentation of main numerical data related to soil and land features on a scale of 1: 1,000,000, combines the data from common and modern technologies in order to make digital maps. The main Pilot Soter data are presented around the world with the hope that they will eventually lead to creation of stable and homogeneous soil erosion data that can be easily updated.
Rahim Sarvar
Volume 5, Issue 20 , February 1996, , Pages 4-15
Abstract
Today regional imbalances within the national space have made it necessary to investigate urban network and hierarchy system in order to address the factors affecting the location of cities, the pattern of distribution of urban population and, finally, the balance and imbalance in the urban hierarchy ...
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Today regional imbalances within the national space have made it necessary to investigate urban network and hierarchy system in order to address the factors affecting the location of cities, the pattern of distribution of urban population and, finally, the balance and imbalance in the urban hierarchy system of each region, and suggest solutions based on the knowledge of the status quo. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the spatial distribution of population and the balance of the urban hierarchy system in the southern coast of Iran. In this paper, first the position and natural characteristics of the region are introduced, and then the location of cities, urban population developments, spatial distribution and pattern of urban population dispersion are studied, and finally the urban hierarchy system is considered.
Saeed Movahedi; Mohammad Mosayyebi
Volume 5, Issue 18 , August 1996, , Pages 4-18
Abstract
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province is located at the heart of the Zagros Highlands between north latitudes of 31 degrees,14 minutes to 32 degrees, 47 minutes, and between eastern longitudes of 49 degrees,51 minutes to 51 degrees, 34 minutes (Refer to maps 1 and 2). The altitude of the province is very ...
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Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province is located at the heart of the Zagros Highlands between north latitudes of 31 degrees,14 minutes to 32 degrees, 47 minutes, and between eastern longitudes of 49 degrees,51 minutes to 51 degrees, 34 minutes (Refer to maps 1 and 2). The altitude of the province is very high, so that Shahrekord is 2066 m, Zaman Khan bridge 2000 m and Hamgin 2150 m above the sea level. The temperature in the region increases from north to south, but in general it is one of the coldest parts of the country. For example, the annual temperature in Shahrekord is 12.1 ° C and the average minimum temperature in five months of year in this city is below zero degrees (See Figures 1 and 2). The average annual temperature of Adl Borujin station is 10.4 degrees and the average of the minimum temperature during the five coldest months of year is below zero. The rainfall in the region is high in comarison with the rest of the country; for example, the annual rainfall is 323 mm in Shahrekord, 469.5 mm in Borujen and 530 mm in Lordegan (see Figures 3 and 4).
In this paper, while identifying the climatic factors of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and their effects on the design of residential spaces, we tried to answer the following questions.
• What are the characteristics of the province’s climate and what is its condition in terms of temperature? • What is the impact of climatic conditions on residential space design? • What is the amount of cooling and heating energy required in different seasons, and under which conditions can energy requirements be brought to a minimum? • How can residential spaces, streets and alleys be arranged to receive maximum solar energy during cold season and the minimum of this energy during warm season?
Alireza Azmudeh Ardalan
Volume 3, Issue 11 , November 1994, , Pages 4-11
Abstract
GPS (or Global Positioning System) is a NAVATAR (or Navigation System Using Time and Distance). This system is being developed by the U.S. Department of Defense. The creation of this system has begun since 1973 by combining the U.S. Air and Navy Forces’ projects. The plan of these two projects ...
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GPS (or Global Positioning System) is a NAVATAR (or Navigation System Using Time and Distance). This system is being developed by the U.S. Department of Defense. The creation of this system has begun since 1973 by combining the U.S. Air and Navy Forces’ projects. The plan of these two projects had been approved separately since 1960 for creation of a one-way navigation system. GPS is formed by three parts, namely satellites, system controller, system users.
Alireza Azmudeh Ardalaan
Volume 1, Issue 4 , May 1992, , Pages 4-5
Abstract
Landsat's recent images from Kuwait suggest that firefighting teams are ahead of the determined schedule. At the beginning of firefighting operations on burning oil-wells, oil-fire experts estimated the time needed for full control of wells’ fire to be five years. According to recent Landsat imaging, ...
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Landsat's recent images from Kuwait suggest that firefighting teams are ahead of the determined schedule. At the beginning of firefighting operations on burning oil-wells, oil-fire experts estimated the time needed for full control of wells’ fire to be five years. According to recent Landsat imaging, one third of the burning wells are now either extinguished or under control, the fact which was confirmed by the Kuwaiti Oil Minister.
Hasan Alayii
Volume 1, Issue 3 , August 1991, , Pages 4-9
Abstract
Man has to find a means for communicating with others, transferring knowledge and findings and expressing his wishes. The first thing humans found for fulfilling these needs was a direct dialogue. The conversation had the disadvantage that its audience was limited because a different language was used ...
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Man has to find a means for communicating with others, transferring knowledge and findings and expressing his wishes. The first thing humans found for fulfilling these needs was a direct dialogue. The conversation had the disadvantage that its audience was limited because a different language was used in any region and, on the other hand, it was not possible to store information and findings for later ages and users in other places. Therefore, human beings were forced to invent writing in order to be able to publish information and thoughts. Although writing eliminated some of the above problems, because writing was also a function of language of the authors of books, it was not possible that these books be used by people of other areas, , so it would not have been possible to cover all the people again. With the advancement of technical knowledge and the construction of boats and ships, which were the first means of human travel, the need to know the geographical and climatic conditions of remote locations became more tangible; therefore, some tourists began to draw basic maps and write books about the geographic conditions of other parts of the world. These geographic books were also not easy to be used by everybody for the reasons mentioned, so a device had to be devised that would not require deep technical information, and would be easily accessible to everyone.
Volume 1, Issue 2 , February 1990, , Pages 4-11
Abstract
An Abbreviation of the Speech by Major General Zahirnejad, Head of the Department of Military Advisers of the Supreme Leader of the Forces, held at the first seminar on surveying, remote sensing and geography, under the title "Map in defense, map in developmental construction", which was held in May ...
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An Abbreviation of the Speech by Major General Zahirnejad, Head of the Department of Military Advisers of the Supreme Leader of the Forces, held at the first seminar on surveying, remote sensing and geography, under the title "Map in defense, map in developmental construction", which was held in May 1990 in the Geographic Organization of Armed Forces .
Hasan Shamsi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , May 1990, , Pages 4-15
Abstract
The history of maps and surveying in the world and in Iran is scattered and written in different perspectives, which should be gradually developed and completed by the efforts of the experts. The following two articles by Dr. Hasan Shamsii are efforts in this regard. Professor Shamsii is one of the veterans ...
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The history of maps and surveying in the world and in Iran is scattered and written in different perspectives, which should be gradually developed and completed by the efforts of the experts. The following two articles by Dr. Hasan Shamsii are efforts in this regard. Professor Shamsii is one of the veterans and well-known figures in the field of surveying. He has taught theoretical and practical surveying at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Tehran for many years. His book about surveying, published in the years when the compilation and publication of technical books was difficult, shows his interest and diligence to serve the engineers and developmental projects of the country. After him the surveying curriculum of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Tehran was assigned to Mr. Shams Malekara, who in turn left valuable works and services.
The writings of Shamsii are simple, honest, and documented, so that while studying you will feel that they are part of the history of maps in Iran directly and with first-hand information, which in turn adds to the authenticity and validity of this history, which is basically the memories of the Master, and will be a reliable and valuable reference for young researchers.
Soheila Irankhah; Mojtaba Ghadiri Masum; Masud Mahdavi
Volume 23, Issue 89 , May 2014, , Pages 5-16
Abstract
Rural development is the most sustainable policy and development strategy of every country. This policy is closely related with intellectual and attitude system. There are different tools and methods for the institutionalization of this policy. Issuance of ownership document for residential or rural ...
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Rural development is the most sustainable policy and development strategy of every country. This policy is closely related with intellectual and attitude system. There are different tools and methods for the institutionalization of this policy. Issuance of ownership document for residential or rural real estate along with other developmental policies in rural areas are among these tools and methods. In this regard, second, third and fourth economic, social and cultural development programs introduce rural construction as one of their goals, and regard issuance of ownership documents as an executive solution to reach this goal. Ground is full of buried treasures and wealth, so it is economically valuable and satisfies different needs of human society (including construction works).Therefore, houses and places in rural areas are among capital benefits of rural societies and owners need to feel legal safety in regard to their properties. On the other hand, the need for ground-related information is a basis for development and control of land resources, and it prioritizes issuance of ownership document for each unit (Tarshizian & Athari, 2010). This article seeks to scrutinize different countries’ experiences and performance in issuance of ownership documents for rural residential units and investigates their success rate. To do so, analysis and evaluation were performed in two different geographical points using field and case study, which provided different results.
Seyyed Yahya Safavi
Volume 13, Issue 51 , November 2004, , Pages 5-8
Abstract
The road network and access routes are among the most important elements of military geography. Classification of road network, type of access and appropriate transportation conditions for transfer of human forces and freight on the one hand, and reliable access to road lines and passageways of bridges, ...
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The road network and access routes are among the most important elements of military geography. Classification of road network, type of access and appropriate transportation conditions for transfer of human forces and freight on the one hand, and reliable access to road lines and passageways of bridges, tunnels and road structures on the other, are of great importance. The status of roads, railways, ports, airports and inland waterways which facilitate military operations and allow for support of forces, have a special place in military geography.
Seyyed Yahya Safavi
Volume 11, Issue 44 , February 2002, , Pages 5-8
Abstract
Political geography is one of the branches of geographical sciences that examines all natural, cultural (human) and environmental effects on policies, military plans and combative / supportive operations at global, regional and local levels.Political geography is a science that expresses the effects ...
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Political geography is one of the branches of geographical sciences that examines all natural, cultural (human) and environmental effects on policies, military plans and combative / supportive operations at global, regional and local levels.Political geography is a science that expresses the effects of geographic factors of a country or area on military movements.Political geography is a part of military sciences that concerns environmental characteristics of the area of operation.Political geography includes application of geographic analysis method. It is worth noting that various definitions have been presented for political geography, but two major points are necessary to be considered in order to reach a comprehensive definition.
A. Scale and application of military geography The application of military geography for political leaders, national security planners, commanders and military hierarchies that play major roles in formulation of military strategies, which has specific definition and a certain scope. B-The military geography has its own value against internal and external threats and various geopolitical conditions of any region. In fact, military geography faces threats by presenting their direction and exploitation of geographic factors against these threats. Military geography is an effective guide in national and macro planning in a country including land preparation and allocation, so that appropriate locating of development plans and constructive measures of the country such as infrastructure and industrial establishments take defense-security considerations into account in all circumstances.
Seyyed Yahya Safavi
Volume 9, Issue 33 , May 2000, , Pages 5-9
Abstract
Military geography is a science that is defined as a branch of geography according to one of the comprehensive definitions of this field. It studies the effect of natural and cultural environment on military / political attitudes, plans, programs and various kinds of military and support operations on ...
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Military geography is a science that is defined as a branch of geography according to one of the comprehensive definitions of this field. It studies the effect of natural and cultural environment on military / political attitudes, plans, programs and various kinds of military and support operations on global, regional and local scales. The key factors discussed in this science sometimes directly or indirectly affect vast parts of military activities, including:Strategies; military tactics, techniques and deployments; beliefs’ bases; commandment and control; structures of organization; optimum combination of land utilization; marine, air and ground forces; fire aiming, collection of (operational or intelligence) data; research and development; provision, repair and allocation of armaments and equipment and, of course, overhaul, medical support and training.
Hamid Malmirian
Volume 8, Issue 30 , August 1999, , Pages 5-13
Abstract
Remote sensing is the art of obtaining information about an object, area or phenomenon through analysis of data gained by tools that are not in physical contact with the case studied. In many ways, remote sensing can be considered as a “reading” process. Using different sensors, data that ...
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Remote sensing is the art of obtaining information about an object, area or phenomenon through analysis of data gained by tools that are not in physical contact with the case studied. In many ways, remote sensing can be considered as a “reading” process. Using different sensors, data that can be analyzed with the aim of obtaining information about phenomena studied is collected remotely. Such data might be in different forms, including changes in distribution of forces, propagation of sound waves or electromagnetic energy. Finally, these data are processed for users who need to use them for their decision-making systems. In this paper, the basic rules of this field are studied under the title “remote sensing processing”. The discussion begins with bases of electromagnetic energy, and then the collision of energy with the earth’s atmosphere and surface features are examined. In addition, the role of reference data in analysis methods is evaluated. These bases will help us identify an ideal system of remote sensing. The limitations of remote sensing systems can be studied based on this framework. GIS bases will be discussed briefly as well. Eventually, it is hoped that reader of this paper will gain a general understanding about principles, concepts and applications of remote sensing and the close connection between this technology and GIS.
Mohammad Bagher Choukhachizadeh Moghaddam
Volume 3, Issue 10 , August 1994, , Pages 5-10
Abstract
The Persian Gulf is a sea of warm water with an area of 240,000 square kilometers and a volume of 6,000 cubic meter, which is connected to the Oman Sea by the Strait of Hormuz. The length of the Iranian Persian Gulf shores from Bandar Abbas to the mouth of Shat-e-Arab is 1259 km and its length ...
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The Persian Gulf is a sea of warm water with an area of 240,000 square kilometers and a volume of 6,000 cubic meter, which is connected to the Oman Sea by the Strait of Hormuz. The length of the Iranian Persian Gulf shores from Bandar Abbas to the mouth of Shat-e-Arab is 1259 km and its length from the mouth of Arvand River in the northwest to the Strait of Hormuz in the southeast is at about 805 km. Its length from Shatt al-Arab to the shores of Abu Dhabi is 830 km and the length of the Arabian coast is about 1740 km. The average width of the Persian Gulf is 210 kilometers, with a minimum width of 185 kilometers and a maximum of 355 kilometers.
Mohammad Bagher Chukhachizadeh Moghaddam
Volume 3, Issue 9 , January 2018, , Pages 5-11
Abstract
The movements of the earth's crust can be divided into two general categories of orogenic and epeirogenic movements. The orogeny movement refers to those crust movements that cause rapid deformation of large masses of rocks with short duration of its impact on a geological scale and high intensity; these ...
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The movements of the earth's crust can be divided into two general categories of orogenic and epeirogenic movements. The orogeny movement refers to those crust movements that cause rapid deformation of large masses of rocks with short duration of its impact on a geological scale and high intensity; these movements cause faults, folds and mountains. The epeirogenic movements include movements of the earth's crust whose duration of impact is long and whose severity is low, such as downward movement of crust and formation of basins, as well as rise of parts of the crust. The epeirogenic movements cause the seas’ receding and advancing.
Abdalkarim Gharib
Volume 2, Issue 8 , February 1993, , Pages 5-16
Abstract
The magnetic properties of some iron minerals were known since very old times. In Chinese legends, there is reference to a very simple magnetic needle that was used to determine orientations on the earth four thousand years ago. In Europe, the properties of magnetic needle were known since the 11th century, ...
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The magnetic properties of some iron minerals were known since very old times. In Chinese legends, there is reference to a very simple magnetic needle that was used to determine orientations on the earth four thousand years ago. In Europe, the properties of magnetic needle were known since the 11th century, and in the 13th century they built the first simple compass. The invention of compass in an era that saw numerous geographical explorations helped geographers greatly, and since then, the study of earth's magnetism has been considered.
Akbar Torkan
Volume 2, Issue 6 , February 1992, , Pages 5-16
Abstract
The following is the first part of the excerpt from the speeches of the Minister of Defense and Support of the Armed Forces, which was delivered with a comprehensive look at the developments of the recent two-hundred years of the world. The second part is presented in the next issue of journal to students ...
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The following is the first part of the excerpt from the speeches of the Minister of Defense and Support of the Armed Forces, which was delivered with a comprehensive look at the developments of the recent two-hundred years of the world. The second part is presented in the next issue of journal to students and enthusiasts of historical and political geography.
Seyyed Yahya Safavi
Volume 15, Issue 59 , November 2006, , Pages 6-9
Abstract
The Persian Gulf has a prominent geographic position. Natural conditions such as little depth, water salinity and high evaporation on the one hand, and limited communication with open lands of the world on the other, have created a special ecosystem within the Persian Gulf and its coasts. The Persian ...
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The Persian Gulf has a prominent geographic position. Natural conditions such as little depth, water salinity and high evaporation on the one hand, and limited communication with open lands of the world on the other, have created a special ecosystem within the Persian Gulf and its coasts. The Persian Gulf has long been regarded as one of the most important strategic regions of the world. The Persian Gulf region is a geopolitical unit located in the wider geostrategic basins of the Indian Ocean. The geographic region of the Persian Gulf acts as one of the most active economic centers in the world. It’s major exports are oil and gas and it’s imports mainly consist of industrial and food products. Natural potential and vast oil and gas resources have contributed to the establishment of a single-product economic system in coastal countries.
Seyyed Yahya Safavi
Volume 15, Issue 58 , August 2006, , Pages 6-9
Abstract
Familiarity with the geographical situation of neighboring countries is essential in different aspects, such as the interaction of geographical factors (human and natural), the relative position of the neighboring states' territories, the type of government and the international and regional obligations, ...
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Familiarity with the geographical situation of neighboring countries is essential in different aspects, such as the interaction of geographical factors (human and natural), the relative position of the neighboring states' territories, the type of government and the international and regional obligations, participation in politico-military treaties and dependence on imperialist powers. Other important issues such as: Cultural Commonality; trading conditions and relations; common economic resources; determination of foreign policy goals; recognition of spatial conditions and the strategic importance of threating positions; positions and conditions important for imperialist powers; and other issues such as inclination of the region towards crisis, and the imbalance of the political system which is followed by problems such as the imposition of displaced people in neighboring countries emphasizes the importance of attention to geographic considerations of neighboring countries. In this paper, the importance of the basic role of spatial relations in recognition of the geography of neighboring countries are discussed, with emphasis on position, size, shape and neighborhood.
Seyyed Yahya Safavi
Volume 13, Issue 49 , May 2004, , Pages 6-10
Abstract
The bridges, passages, tunnels and underpasses are weak links and can be dangerous in times of war or peace, and therefore their classification and identification require particular attention to their characteristics.
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The bridges, passages, tunnels and underpasses are weak links and can be dangerous in times of war or peace, and therefore their classification and identification require particular attention to their characteristics.
Seyyed Yahya Safavi
Volume 11, Issue 41 , May 2002, , Pages 6-8
Abstract
The highest level of seawater is continuously dynamic due to the Earth's rotation, gravity of the Sun and the Moon, concentration of water, temperature, earthquake activities of the Earth, and the effects of the Earth's magnetism. Currents, tides, waves, water flooding and sea ice are among the most ...
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The highest level of seawater is continuously dynamic due to the Earth's rotation, gravity of the Sun and the Moon, concentration of water, temperature, earthquake activities of the Earth, and the effects of the Earth's magnetism. Currents, tides, waves, water flooding and sea ice are among the most significant signs and physical appearances considered by the navy and military strategists that plan, prepare and direct military operations.
Rasul Ghorbani (Translator)
Volume 10, Issue 39 , November 2001, , Pages 6-12
Abstract
Rosario in Argentina has different classes in terms of housing quality and access to physical and social infrastructure. To evaluate the needs of recently decentralized departments, utilization of new management tools is needed to analyze facilities and constraints. The GIS application can contribute ...
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Rosario in Argentina has different classes in terms of housing quality and access to physical and social infrastructure. To evaluate the needs of recently decentralized departments, utilization of new management tools is needed to analyze facilities and constraints. The GIS application can contribute to this assessment. It can serve public housing by revealing problematic areas and improving resource allocation, and so contributing effectively to the efficiency of housing efforts and determination of spatial inequalities associated with social infrastructure that afflict most deprived groups. It can also help estimate the apparent demand and compare it with the demand extracted from indicators. According to the assessment, the city of Rosario contains basic disparities within its internal parts. The combined application of extractive and apparent demand for housing shows that in some cases the indices suggest less than real demands, or ignore them altogether. The growth of demand for GIS tools and access to statistical data in digital form will improve and unite the assessments of the need for housing and its impacts on spatial inequalities.
Seyyed Yahya Safavi
Volume 9, Issue 34 , August 2000, , Pages 6-13
Abstract
In military geography’s studies the emphasis is on the regional analysis method, but in most cases the studied areas are examined following political and province-based divisions of the country.
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In military geography’s studies the emphasis is on the regional analysis method, but in most cases the studied areas are examined following political and province-based divisions of the country.
Khosrou Khajeh (Translator)
Volume 8, Issue 31 , November 2009, , Pages 6-8
Abstract
Today the managers and planners have a need for three-dimensional (3-D) display of objects, especially in urban environments, which is inherent in relevant processes. In order to fulfil such need, a digital camera is set on a Total Station Theodolite that is able to perform accurate video recording of ...
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Today the managers and planners have a need for three-dimensional (3-D) display of objects, especially in urban environments, which is inherent in relevant processes. In order to fulfil such need, a digital camera is set on a Total Station Theodolite that is able to perform accurate video recording of vertical surfaces such as building facades. In this paper, while examining an example of theodolites equipped with digital video cameras, the research problems and constraints in this regard were discussed.
Ali Akbar Rasuli
Volume 8, Issue 29 , May 1999, , Pages 6-13
Abstract
Geographic information system (GIS) is a phrase for expressing a deep, broad concept. Basically, geographic information system is a computer technology including hardware and software which has emerged in recent decades with the aim of reception, organization, analysis and finally design and production ...
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Geographic information system (GIS) is a phrase for expressing a deep, broad concept. Basically, geographic information system is a computer technology including hardware and software which has emerged in recent decades with the aim of reception, organization, analysis and finally design and production of various models (such as maps of underground resources) and which is currently evolving toward completion. The determining factor which distinguishes this technology from other systems of information storage and recovery is its attitude toward geographic places. This quality has helped GIS as a new technology to turn into a dynamic industry in analysis of quantitative and qualitative data and design of various types of geographic images.
In this paper, it is tried to briefly consider space imaging using GIS and to introduce the principles of geographic image design.
