Note
Mahdi
Modiri
Associate Professor of Urban planning, Malek-Ashtar University of Technolog
author
text
article
1995
per
The Cartographic Information System (GIS) produces a map, and the output can be graphic, printed or maps on the computer screen. Maps are generally different in appearance and dimensions. It is sometimes difficult to say that a product or output is an image or a map on a computer screen, which has a different name from paper maps. In the history of automatic cartography, the term "temporary map" and "permanent map" have been used. According to Riffe, a temporary map is the one that appears on the screen, or maps on the screen that have a conventional application. Temporary maps can be referred to as “intelligent maps”, which, in the strict sense of the word, are actually not available today. Riffe defines the term “non-map” in this way; data is obtained from sensors that are used in navigation and traffic control. He states that future maps are all temporary maps and non-maps. Morrison uses the title "Temporal Map" as a synonym for maps on the computer screen, and then uses the title "Printed Map" in contrast with it. The term “instant map” has also been used for the computer screen map.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
4
v.
15
no.
1995
2
6
https://www.sepehr.org/article_29375_9c741d3fa7cd210a454d86b765faf0cf.pdf
Ring of Fire
Abbasali
Salehabadi (Translation)
author
text
article
1995
per
On May 10, 1994, the occurrence of a partial or ring eclipse of the sun in North America for more than six minutes fascinated millions of people in these areas. Unlike a general eclipse, a ring eclipse occurs when the moon is at the place on its orbit around the Earth farthest from that planet. In this situation, the diameter of the moon appears slightly smaller than the Sun’s diameter. Thus, the fully-dark image of the moon is visible in the very thin halo of the Sun from above a place in the shadow of the Moon. Observers look at this rare event through special solar filters to see how the Moon's image is embedded in the shining view of the Sun. The occurrence of this phenomenon can be thought of as creating a white hot cavity in the heart of the blue sky. The dark space behind the hot solar ring makes the imagination more powerful. This phenomenon is among the second ring eclipse that has been visible in North America over the last two half-years. But unlike the January 1992 event, which was only visible from southern California, the arctic route on May 10th was eastward along the northwest of Mexico, and so covered most of the United States and the easternmost part of Canada, and was visible in these areas. This event ended at the sunset in the Morocco region.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
4
v.
15
no.
1995
7
9
https://www.sepehr.org/article_29376_e00258a2651eb04f4fb04d30123deda4.pdf
The Frosts of the Fourth Period in Europe
Abdalkarim
Gharib
author
text
article
1995
per
Scandinavia’s ice cap is a large ice cap belonging to the fourth age (Scandinavia's fourth age can be distinguished by its southern front from wandering moraine and rocks carried there from Norway, Sweden and Finland. The southernmost front of the Scandinavian glacier from the southern England, had been passing through London surroundings and also through Manche, covering the Netherlands and North Germany, down to the valleys of the Don and the Volga, and again northward to the Ural. Everywhere in this vast area, many glacier traces and glacial rivers can be found. There were glacier sub-periods in which the glaciers went to the more southerly regions. In the sub-periods between the glaciers, the glaciers retreated to the north. This sequence have been detected by speculation in the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. It is very difficult to recognize to which ice age a certain moraine deposit belongs. Older formations have been destructed by newer formations or eliminated through erosion before protecting deposits could form. In addition, the glaciers, by means of shorter periods of advance and retreat, are recognizable to the extent that some geologists such as Sergel have been able to determine the severity of the cold and also eleven short periods on Loess. This number is also confirmed by marine deposits.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
4
v.
15
no.
1995
10
13
https://www.sepehr.org/article_29377_5b0aecb230cb057519d811579727abfe.pdf
Remote Sensing Scanning Systems
Alireza
Owsati
author
text
article
1995
per
Photometric remote sensing systems are capable of detecting visible and electromagnetic near-infrared regions (0.4<l<0.9). Other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum with longer wavelengths can potentially be useful for remote sensing purposes. Unfortunately, conventional glass lenses and sensitive photo layers are not able to detect and record this region of electromagnetic spectrum.
Air scanners are significantly different from aerial cameras because air scanners can collect energy from the ground below as scanning lines, each of these lines making a right angle with flying path. Figure 1 indicates sweeping by means of a rotating mirror while the entering radiation conductor faces toward the detector.
The scanner detector is comparable to the sensitive layer of conventional cameras. Their goals are focused on the discovery, measurement and recording of electromagnetic energy.
They are, compared to film’s sensitive layers, sensitive to wavelengths longer than 1m, such as the infrared and microwave parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Air scanning systems can be categorized as active or inactive scanning systems.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
4
v.
15
no.
1995
14
19
https://www.sepehr.org/article_29378_8f31f80614908e52809d70155bdc2975.pdf
Examination of a Photogrammetric Analytical System
Hamid
Enayati
author
text
article
1995
per
Today, with the advancement of computer technology, many of the related organizations have changed the analog photogrammetric systems to Analytical system or digital analogue system in order to achieve digital maps. With the help of computers and electronic connections, it is possible to transform an analog photogrammetric system into a semi-analytic (digital) and analytical system.
The technology of transforming an analog system into a digital analog system is not very complicated; in other words, it does not require major changes in the photogrammetric device, and merely by installing a series of encoder on the machine, it is possible to convert the mechanical motion (z, y and x) of the measurement system to electronic pulses. These pulses can be digitized by a connector (connector board between the photogrammetric system and the computer).
It is possible through a brief examination to convert linear movement to a set of digits by using a suitable computer and installing connecting board inside it, and by employing an appropriate software that is compatible with the mentioned board. However, in the case of an analytical system, it is necessary to remove certain mechanical parts of the device. In this case, the connection between the device and the computer is bilateral, so it is necessary to use a series of engines in the circuit of the device, so that the visual radii (spatial rods) be converted from mechanical state with physical function to analytical picture radii. One of the devices that has been transformed into analytical systems is B8.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
4
v.
15
no.
1995
20
23
https://www.sepehr.org/article_29379_bb54af55e55c133f2cc0ef3897d99ad5.pdf
Natural Potentials of the Lorestan Province (Vegetation)
Mohammad Ghasem
Torkashvand
author
text
article
1995
per
In general, vegetation of Lorestan is varied and including many different species. The composition and characteristics of these forests vary by change in latitude, altitude, precipitation, compression and direction of ground features, and lengths of cold and hot seasons. Vegetation in Lorestan is divided into two categories: forests and (small) plants, which we will discuss in detail. In terms of geographic dispersion, since most of the Lorestan forests belong to the Khorramabad area in the south of Lorestan, explanation about Lorestan forests is the same as explanation about forests of the Khorramabad city (except for the eastern parts of Oligudarz district).
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
4
v.
15
no.
1995
24
31
https://www.sepehr.org/article_29380_80c1eb4412394109e78abc810f5b1116.pdf
Application of Graphic Information in Urban Studies (Case Study: Tehran) - III
Fatemeh
Razi'ee
Master of Human Geography
author
text
article
1995
per
In this part of the study, we examine the status and direction of the potential development of Tehran as well as natural constraints such as land characteristics, slope of ground in the range of Alborz, position of Tehran on a major (earthquake) fault zone and other climatic conditions, as well as artificial limitations of the region that are within the field of geographic studies. Next, according to the mentioned issues and in order to study the city’s development and expansion which are mainly focused on the western and northwestern parts of Tehran, we selected two samples of study: Kan town and Sulaghan town, due to their rural roots as well as admission of aspects of urban life, and the emergence of new social fabric that is taking place in these places, and the fact that they are currently combining their activities with the city of Tehran.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
4
v.
15
no.
1995
32
41
https://www.sepehr.org/article_29381_aa4c4301fae23d2b1968e21a9005f354.pdf
Preparation of Photo-Maps Using COSMOS Satellite Images (KFA-1000)
Hosein
Shokri Komsari
author
text
article
1995
per
This paper shows a state of art of production of vertical photomaps in semi-automatic manner from satellite and aerial images. First, the basic foundation and geometry of the vertical photomap are set, and then a revision of the means used to produce vertical photomaps is considered, and finally the practical methods are taken into account. The expected accuracy and image quality of final products will be explained. In the final section, applications of photomaps as well as advantages and disadvantages of photo production using KAF-1000 satellite images will be discussed.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
4
v.
15
no.
1995
60
64
https://www.sepehr.org/article_29382_048d713604cc5baf0c8e35120289aec6.pdf