Aerial Images
Mahdi
Modiri
Associate Professor of Urban planning, Malek-Ashtar University of Technolog
author
text
article
2000
per
Photography is one of the main means of transmission of information and collection of geographic data with wide applications, and aerial photography and remote sensing are the most common ways of quick access to geographic information remotely.
- Better understanding of land by viewing and interpreting aerial and space images; - Identification of natural and artificial phenomena and features and their geometric measurement; - Introduction of geographic factors of the formation, development and expansion of cities; - and the production of aerial photos and their conversion into topographic and thematic maps are among the applications of aerial photography in the earth sciences, especially surveying and geography. Aerial photography is the most economical way to access geographic information remotely. Aerial photography, due to its many advantages, is one of the most efficient methods of collecting geographic information that has certain advantages compared to terrestrial observations (terrestrial surveying). The most important of such features are addressed here.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
9
v.
35
no.
2000
2
3
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28613_78c4cdb977fd38412243c1f60ea14cb9.pdf
An Introduction to Military Geography - Part IV
Seyyed Yahya
Safavi
Assistant Professor, Imam Hosein University
author
text
article
2000
per
The importance of each geographic region is considered in dealing with seasonal, cyclic, accidental and sudden changes, and commanders and military experts of high rank should make assessments according to missions, situations, forces of either side, and specialties and functions of technology. The influence of natural, human and military/political geography on plans, programs and military operations at any level indicates the necessity of comprehensive examination and quick analysis and access to geographic information.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
9
v.
35
no.
2000
4
6
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28614_48ccae718c14a6f4560f0f423c96ed82.pdf
Interpretation of Aerial and Satellite Images - Part II
Hamid
Malmirian (Translator)
author
text
article
2000
per
Aerial photos contain details of land features. A photo interpreter systematically reviews photos and regularly utilizes other auxiliary materials, such as maps and field observation reports. According to this study, interpretation is carried out according to physical nature of features and phenomena on the photos. Interpretation may be implemented at different levels of complexity: from simple recognition of phenomena on the earth to extraction of detailed information, considering the complexity of the interactions between surface and subterranean features.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
9
v.
35
no.
2000
7
10
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28615_eae77c8138574c160f34f8f29eea3a11.pdf
An Introduction to Geographic Information Systems
Ma'soumeh
Rajabi (Translator)
Member of Faculty, Department of Natural Geography, University of Tabriz
author
text
article
2000
per
Geographic Information System (GIS) is the tool of computer data processing with the aim of collection, storage, management and analysis of geographic (spatial) information. Geographic Information System is basically a database system that has been specially designed for location-based vector data (using geographic coordinates). The collected information can be represented in different ways, such as tables, graphs and maps. Geographic information systems are considered as maps of higher level, and a number of them are regarded as new and interesting maps.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
9
v.
35
no.
2000
11
19
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28616_15af1a0a06ab599be7aa31659b9348cf.pdf
Climate-Based Design of Buildings' Windows
Ahmad Ali
Naderi
Master of Natural Geography
author
text
article
2000
per
Climatic conditions, along with other environmental factors, are considered as among the most effective factors in life. Basically, any type of human intervention in environment is to a large extent a function of climatic conditions. One of the main reasons of the great attention paid by scientists in different fields to climate is the importance this factor has on human and natural environments.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
9
v.
35
no.
2000
20
25
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28617_fbfd93f641d7b4db58143a028e9e1ed1.pdf
The Moon, the Only Satellite of the Earth
Alireza
Owsati
Researcher in Geographical Sciences
author
text
article
2000
per
The Moon is undoubtedly the nearest celestial body to Earth, and in other words it is the only neighbor that is ready to accept the uninvited guests from our Planet. It is also considered as the Earth’s only satellite. The Moon has since ancient times attracted the attention of the Earth’s habitants, and it has been the subject of many explorations and research regarding its formation and characteristics, and even many poetic minds have fancied about it and likened it to the eyebrows or face of the beloved. Curious human being managed to step on it about thirty-one years ago. This conquest put an end to all false claims and speculations about the Moon. When the veil was done away with and the facts were revealed, it become clear that the Moon, despite its beauty, is but a dead planet, because no sign of life was found on it. There was indeed nothing but an eternal deadly silence, earlier knowledge of which could have saved people those great amounts of praise and speculations.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
9
v.
35
no.
2000
26
33
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28618_d3ae390d86118906cb222ce2175f02bf.pdf
Field Attitudes for Precise Leveling and Leveling in Construction Sites
Updating ISO Standards for Leveling Machines
Khosrou
Khajeh (Translator)
author
text
article
2000
per
The surveying profession has been influenced by a rapid evolutionary path in terms of technology and innovation in recent years. Today, most surveyors generally use digital level, laser planes with mapping cameras known as total stations and GPS. Nevertheless, ISO (International Standard Organization) has so far been able to provide certain and specific standards for such new devices. ISO is still busy updating and implementing its early standards for older devices, such as EDM, theodolites, and levels. This paper presents the general and specific needs of surveyors for standards. Therefore, we describe two compound and simple field test procedures for determining the accuracy of leveling devices. The purpose of the compound procedure is to determine leveling precisely, and the simple procedure is considered for leveling in construction sites.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
9
v.
35
no.
2000
34
37
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28619_4552a0f0f37187e1d076e9e694858d29.pdf
Identification of Warm Eaters of Ardabil Province and its Status in Development of Tourism Industry
Behruz
Sobhani
Member of Faculty, Mohaghegh Ardabili University
author
text
article
2000
per
According to new research data, the tourism industry has become the largest source of foreign exchange earnings in some countries in the 21st century. The vast land of Iran, with its diverse climate, beautiful and exceptional landscapes, abundant and famous mineral waters, and its ancient and Islamic culture and civilization rooted in its old history, is one of the ten top countries in the world in terms of historic status and tourist attraction.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
9
v.
35
no.
2000
38
44
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28620_7900aa4afcfcafd34762a713178a5cac.pdf
Civilization from Ibn Khaldun's Point of View
Gholamreza
Latifi
Member of Faculty, Allameh Tabataba'ei University
author
text
article
2000
per
Ibn Khaldun explores the evolution of human society from the stages of primitive and nomadic life to the culmination of urban civilization. From his point of view, human civilization in different stages, from emergence to development and evolution, manifests itself in two distinct forms: nomadism and urbanization.He attributes pure characteristics to these two types of community that may not be in full correspondence with reality. Therefore, as Max Weber considers transcendental types to be exaggerated abstractions related to reality, Ibn Khaldun examines nomadic and urban civilizations in light of the realities of his time and the history of the past.In his opinion, the simple and primitive community improves his state of affairs through solidarity and group effort, and inclines toward cities to provide comfort and prosperity. The complex urban life, diversity of occupations and the multiplicity of tools and instruments for satisfying the luxury needs give a special distinction to urban society.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
9
v.
35
no.
2000
45
50
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28621_6839c808005898aed5da61dd46ea9ca2.pdf
The "What If?" System of Planning Support
Morteza
Ashnedar (Translator)
author
text
article
2000
per
"What if" is an interactive system based on maps. The system uses GIS information that has been previously prepared, or is being prepared, to provide the ground for ease and acceleration of the most important, time-consuming and difficult aspects of land-use planning.This system is a complete program package that reduces planning tasks that would require weeks or even months to complete in the past, but can now be carried out by this system quickly and easily. This system is easy to use for political applications and GIS information, and provides outputs in the form of reports and maps easily understood by the user.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
9
v.
35
no.
2000
51
52
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28622_20d8b84b6b59a3ee0b7426138d20b879.pdf
Characteristics of Building Rocks in Iran
Mas'oud
Moayyeri
Member of Faculty, Department of Geography, University of Isfahan
author
text
article
2000
per
Construction rocks and minerals have formed an important part of the world's income since long ago. The utilization of these resources is increasing day by day due to the concerns regarding beauty and strength in the construction of public and private buildings. On the other hand, a transformation occurs in urban morphology and landscape due to this ever-increasing utilization of these resources.The land of Iran is of great value and importance among the countries of South West Asia and the Middle East owing to vast resources of construction rocks in the Alborz and Zagros mountains, the central masses and foothills whose formation started since the second period of geology and completed its evolutionary stages in the third period.The emergence of rich construction rock masses in most parts of Iran and the existence of great roads in the north and south of the country are economically important advantages for Iran.
Historical documents and evidences show that utilization of these rocks as export commodities has been customary in Iran since ancient times. Regarding the Islamic Republic of Iran’s the strategy for economic development and its emphasis on expansion of non-oil exports, and the huge reserves of these valuable resources in different regions of the country and also the need of different countries, especially the countries around the Persian Gulf, to these resources, it is clear that such reserves have great potentials for foreign exchange earnings and economic development of the country, and thus can be considered as a valuable source for non-oil exports. In this paper, the author attempts to use historical and descriptive methods to introduce these resources and analyze the economic-commercial value and potential of these export items in the development and progress of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
9
v.
35
no.
2000
53
56
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28623_dbb9553341596256ea5ae2a85b851b6f.pdf
New Advancements in Cartography
Susan
Mesgari (Translation)
author
text
article
2000
per
Although data digitization methods have changed the basic rules of cartography, nevertheless the preparation and printing of maps always faces a complex set of changes and conversions. On the one hand, the GIS has provided new features and made the provision of related products easier, and on the other, it has caused problems in case of new products. Basically, automatic mapping involves four steps that include:- Understanding the meanings- Data entry- Data processing- Data transmission
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
9
v.
35
no.
2000
57
58
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28626_21746a4bc59bfa1e81e870dd11662cc2.pdf
The Criteria of Selecting a Suitable GIS Software
Mohmmad Javad
Dadrast
Master of Environmental Planning and Management
author
text
article
2000
per
The need for robust and advanced support of information processing in planning (due to the volume of data and the growth of number of users) makes efficient and powerful systems of information processing inevitable. GIS, or Geographic Information System, with the special feature of combining spatial and non-spatial data, has gained a special status among managers and planners.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
9
v.
35
no.
2000
59
64
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28627_504e24f370efe6e4ce168cae416e4bfb.pdf