Military and police geography
Mehdi Safari Namivandi; Sara Kiani; Amir Saffari; Hossein Rabiee
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The security of the borders is considered as a strong support for the security of the internal areas, and any insecurity in the border areas can cause a disturbance in the economic, social, cultural and military situation of the country. Various natural (geomorphological, ...
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Extended Abstract
Introduction
The security of the borders is considered as a strong support for the security of the internal areas, and any insecurity in the border areas can cause a disturbance in the economic, social, cultural and military situation of the country. Various natural (geomorphological, hydro climatic and geological) and human factors (ethnic and religious situation of the border dwellers) are effective in the security and stability of these areas. In order to turn threats into opportunities and benefit from conditions and situations in order to maintain security and secure national interests, we must have a deep and comprehensive understanding of the level of border areas and its surrounding spaces. In the meantime, one of the most important measures is planning according to the geomorphological capabilities of the border areas. In fact, geomorphological factors are one of the most important factors that determine the type of economic activities in border areas. Also, these factors are the main determinants of the weaknesses and strengths of the border areas, so that these factors have played a dual role in many areas, including the borders of Kurdistan province. Examining the geomorphology of the border areas of Kurdistan province shows that a large part of this border strip is covered by the mountain unit. The mountainous borders of Kurdistan province have weak and strong points, and therefore it is important to pay attention to the geomorphological strength of these borders for various military purposes. Considering the importance of the subject, in this research, the potential of the Kurdistan border strip for military purposes has been discussed.
Materials and methods
This research is based on descriptive-analytical methods. In this research, the SRTM 30-meter height digital model as well as digital information layers (natural and human parameters) have been used as the most important research data. The most important tools used in the research were ArcGIS (to prepare maps and final outputs) and Super Decisions (to implement the ANP model). According to the desired goals, this research has been done in several stages, in the first stage, the used parameters have been identified. In the second stage, according to the potential of the information layers for the intended purposes, the information layers have been standardized. In the third step, using the network analysis model (ANP), weights have been given to the information layers. In the fourth step, the information layers are integrated and combined using the fuzzy gamma operator, and in this way the desired final map is prepared.
Discussion and results
Due to the fact that parts of the border strip of Kurdistan province have a high vulnerability potential, it is necessary to pay attention to the vulnerability and geomorphology of the region in the location of military facilities and equipment. According to the importance of the topic, in this research, the areas prone to the development of military facilities and equipment in the region were identified, and based on the results, the surrounding areas of Baneh and Marivan cities, due to the low altitude and slope, proximity to communication lines, urban areas And the military bases, as well as being located in the plains and cone-shaped units, have great potential for the aforementioned purposes. Also, due to the vulnerability of the region and the possibility of enemy infiltration as well as the creation of an ambush by the enemy, it is necessary to build military bases and observation centers in the region. . According to the results, the border between the cities of Baneh and Marivan is due to the potential of high vulnerability and being exposed to ambushes, as well as being far from military bases, they need to establish a military base and observation centers. The total results have shown that parts of the border strip of Kurdistan province are susceptible to enemy infiltration and ambush by the enemy, and it is necessary to identify these areas and provide the necessary solutions to reduce their vulnerability.
Conclusion
The results of the identification of areas prone to the development of military facilities and equipment have shown that 23.2% of the area has a great and very high potential for the development of military facilities and equipment. These areas, which mainly include the surrounding areas of Baneh and Marivan cities, have great potential for the aforementioned purposes due to their low altitude and slope, proximity to communication lines, urban points and military bases, as well as being located in plains and conifers. Is. Also, 29.2% of the area has little potential for the development of military facilities and equipment. These areas, which mainly include the areas between the cities of Baneh and Mervan, have little potential for the development of military facilities and equipment due to their distance from urban areas, communication routes, and military bases, as well as due to their high altitude and slope. The results of the identification of areas prone to establishing military bases and observation centers have shown that 23.1% of the area has a great and very high potential for establishing military bases and observation centers. These areas, which include the areas between the cities of Baneh and Marivan, which require the establishment of a military base and observation centers due to their high vulnerability potential and being exposed to ambushes, as well as being far from military bases. Also, 41.9% of the area of the area has little potential to create a military base and observation centers. These areas mainly include the areas adjacent to the cities of Baneh and Marivan, which, due to the presence of military bases and less vulnerability potential, have less need to establish military bases and observation centers.
Military and police geography
Aram Khezerlou; Reza Karimi
Abstract
Extended AbstractIntroductionDescribing and evaluating the threats and vulnerability (weaknesses) of cities is a framework for analyzing and managing risks related to possible attacks against key infrastructures. In fact, the identification of threats in the field of passive defense, i.e. intentional ...
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Extended AbstractIntroductionDescribing and evaluating the threats and vulnerability (weaknesses) of cities is a framework for analyzing and managing risks related to possible attacks against key infrastructures. In fact, the identification of threats in the field of passive defense, i.e. intentional man-made threats and possible damages, plays an important role in prevention and preparation for facing and dealing with the negative effects of man-made threats and natural hazards to urban areas, which by knowing the dimensions of risk and damages It is possible to define and develop the level and type of measures to deal with these damages up to the scale of neighborhoods and urban residents. In this research, vulnerability and threat assessment studies are carried out in the new city of Andisheh with a passive defense approach for reasons such as high population density, especially in the city center, proximity to Tehran, and the existence of a large workforce that is mainly employed in Tehran. The increasing and uneven development due to the saturation of Karaj and Tehran, the favorable climate that attracts the overflowing population of Tehran, the centrality between Tehran, Qazvin and Central provinces, the presence of many military and industrial centers around the city, etc.MaterialsThe current research method is descriptive-analytical with a survey perspective (Delphi technique). In terms of nature, considering that the current research is not only about mere description and matters such as recognition and analysis, evaluation and formulation of principles are considered together, therefore it is also included in the category of analytical research. The method of collecting information includes questionnaires, observations and interviews, and the statistical sample of the research consisted of 30 experts and specialists in the field of city, security and safety from organizations and universities related to the subject of the research. MethodsIn this research, the methods of assessing the threats and vulnerability of the new city of Andisheh are as follows:Threat Assessment MethodIn order to evaluate the threats of intentional man-made research, the combination of AHP (Analysis Hierarchy) and FEMA (Emergency Management Agency) techniques have been used to analyze information. After distributing the threat assessment questionnaire and completing it by the community of research experts, the arithmetic mean of the opinions of the community of experts was scored based on the Likert scale, which is common to the FEMA technique. In order for the scores provided in this way to evaluate the identified threats of the research to be effective; AHP method has been used for weighting the threat evaluation indicators.Vulnerability Assessment MethodVulnerability estimation is surrounded by ambiguities and uncertainties; because calculating the amount of past vulnerability using the Boolean model does not allow the vulnerability criteria to be a continuous spectrum. For this reason, IHWP (inverse hierarchical analysis) fuzzy model has been used. The calculation of the score of the selected layers using the inverse hierarchical analysis method is in the form of the following mathematical relations:DiscussionThreat Assessment of Case StudyIn the studied sample, hard threats including air and missile attacks and bombings and people-oriented threats, i.e. demonstrations and riots have the highest probability and biological threats have the lowest probability. The possibility of air and missile attacks on infrastructures such as New Andisheh New Development Company, Gas Department, Electricity Department, Phase II Telecommunications Department, Police Headquarters, Andisheh Grand Bazaar, electrical substations and petrol pumps especially in the city center and also There is a possibility of the threat of demonstrations and riots in the area of National Banks, Export, Housing in the central part of the city, Drekhri Street and Andisheh Big Bazaar, ABFA office. The possibility of bomb threat is also high in Andisheh Grand Bazaar, Basij Base, Andisheh Municipality, Telecommunication Department, two 230 KV substations in the southeast of the city.Vulnerability Assessment of Case StudyIn order to evaluate the vulnerability of the studied area against hard attack such as rocket launchers, ten indicators including property sensitivity, distance from sensitive and important infrastructure, road width, number of floors, population density, building quality, facade materials, access to medical centers and access to fire stations has been selected. 23.06 percent of the city plots are very low vulnerability, 26.78 percent are low vulnerability, 16.75 percent are medium vulnerability, 21.4 percent are high vulnerability and 12.01 percent are very high vulnerability. They have dedicated themselves. It is obvious that the parts located in the north and center of the city, such as sand mines in the northeast, Petropal gasoline pump on Imam Khomeini Boulevard in the center of the city, 63Kv electrical substation on Ostad Forozanfar Street, Phase 2 Telecommunication Department and 3, 4 and 5, and the social security hospital in the city center, which has high building and population densities, the quality of the restored, destructive building, a long distance to medical centers, less road width, more building height, degree of confinement, and more... have been, it had a high vulnerability score. ConclusionIn this research, firstly, the package of sample threats studied in three steps including documentary studies, threat records and experts' opinions were extracted, and then using the AHP-FEMA scoring method, the threat of air-missile attack was selected as the base threat. Then IHWP model was used in GIS software. The results of these studies indicate that nearly 34% of the studied sample has a high and very high level of vulnerability against the threat of air attack. By examining the maps of the spatial distribution of uses and population, the distribution and distribution of relief and structural services, it is observed that the central parts of the city, which have a high population, are more vulnerable. The presence of high importance uses, low population density and high road width, suitable structural quality and high compatibility of uses causes a low score of vulnerability, and at the end, the solutions to reduce vulnerability according to the situation of the sample A case was presented.
